A brachial plexus injury is an injury to the network of nerves that originates from the spinal cord in the neck and shoulder region and supplies the muscles and skin of the arm, forearm, and hand. The brachial plexus is a complex network of nerves that consists of five primary nerve roots (C5-C8 and T1) that join together to form three trunks, which then divide into six divisions and eventually form several peripheral nerves that control various muscles and sensations in the upper extremity.
Brachial plexus injuries can occur as a result of trauma, such as a motor vehicle accident or a sports injury, or as a complication of medical procedures, such as surgery or childbirth. The severity of the injury can range from mild stretching or bruising of the nerves to complete rupture or avulsion of the nerve roots.
Symptoms of a brachial plexus injury may include pain, weakness, numbness, or tingling in the shoulder, arm, or hand, as well as difficulty with fine motor movements or sensory perception. Treatment for a brachial plexus injury depends on the severity of the injury and may include rest, soft tissue treatment, chiropractic, physical therapy, occupational therapy, medication, or surgery.
